Color Temperature Mired Converter (Kelvin ↔ Mired)
**Color temperature (K) is the absolute temperature of a black-body radiator that emits light of the same hue.** Kelvin, however, is *not perceptually linear* — going from 2000 K to 3000 K (+1000) is a strong warmth shift, but 9000 K to 10 000 K (also +1000) is barely visible. **Mireds (Micro Reciprocal Degrees) fix this**: M = 10⁶ / T(K), so equal ΔM corresponds to equal perceived warmth steps. That is why photographic colour-correction filters are rated by *mired shift* (e.g. Wratten 80A = −131 mired) rather than by ΔK — the same filter cools *any* source by the same mired amount. This tool converts instantly between kelvin, mireds and decamireds and lists 15 common light-source references (candle, tungsten, CIE D50/D65, overcast, blue sky).
Enter a positive number (kelvin is typically 1 000–20 000; mired is typically 50–700).
Color temperature (kelvin)
— K
Mired (M = 10⁶ / K)
— M
Decamired (M ÷ 10)
— dM
Common light sources
- 1850 K · 540.5 M
- 2680 K · 373.1 M
- 2865 K · 349 M
- 3200 K · 312.5 M
- 3400 K · 294.1 M
- 3000 K · 333.3 M
- 4100 K · 243.9 M
- 4100 K · 243.9 M
- 3200 K · 312.5 M
- 5500 K · 181.8 M
- 5003 K · 199.9 M
- 6504 K · 153.8 M
- 6500 K · 153.8 M
- 7500 K · 133.3 M
- 10000 K · 100 M
Formula
Mired ↔ Kelvin: M = 10⁶ / T(K) T = 10⁶ / M Decamired (Hasselblad / German filter scales): dM = M / 10 Filter mired shift (additive): M_filter = M_target − M_source Example: 3200 K → 5500 K requires ΔM = 10⁶/5500 − 10⁶/3200 = −131 mired (Wratten 80A).
- · **The point of mireds: they are additive.** To shift colour temperature from A to B, the required filter strength is ΔM = M_B − M_A and it does not depend on the starting temperature. The same 80A filter (−131 mired) takes 3200 K → 5500 K *and* 2500 K → 4118 K — the same mired shift, but two different ΔK values (1618 K in the second case). **ΔK is not additive, ΔM is**, which is why mireds are the unit of choice in photographic and stage-lighting standards.
- · **Kodak Wratten reference filter mireds**: **cooling (negative, blue family)**: 80A −131, 80B −112, 80C −81, 80D −56, 82C −45, 82B −32, 82A −21, 82 −10; **warming (positive, amber family)**: 81 +9, 81A +18, 81B +27, 81C +35, 81D +42, 81EF +52, 85C +81, 85 +112, 85B +131. **Typical conversions**: 3200 K (tungsten) → 5500 K (daylight) uses Wratten 80A (−131 M); 5500 K → 3200 K uses 85B (+131 M). LED video lights (Lume Cube, Aputure, Godox) tune in the same mired space — their ± buttons step in fixed mired increments.
- · **CIE standard illuminants (CIE 15:2018 Table T.3)**: (a) **CIE D50 = 5003 K** — ICC standard for print viewing and graphic-arts soft-proofing; (b) **CIE D65 = 6504 K** — sRGB display white point (IEC 61966-2-1); (c) **CIE A = 2856 K** — tungsten reference; (d) **CIE C = 6774 K** — older average-daylight standard. D-series illuminants approximate an average daylight spectrum including UV; A is the pure black-body reference. **Caveat**: the *correlated colour temperature* (CCT) and the spectral D-illuminant definition are linked by the D-series construction formulae — the simple M = 10⁶/T conversion gives only the nominal CCT, not the spectral distribution.
- · **Colour temperature ≠ colour rendering ≠ CRI.** Two LEDs may both be sold at 5000 K but have very different colour rendering — CRI 95 (natural skin tones) vs CRI 70 (efficient but harsh, e.g. low-pressure sodium street lamps). This tool converts colour temperature only and **does not measure CRI, IES TM-30 Rf/Rg or the spectral power distribution.**
- · **Typical ranges**: candle 1850 K (540 M); 60–100 W tungsten 2700–2900 K (345–370 M); photo halogen 3200 K (313 M); sunrise/sunset 3000–4000 K; noon sun 5200–5800 K; CIE D50 5003 K (200 M); CIE D65 6504 K (154 M); overcast sky 6000–7500 K; open shade 7500–8500 K; clear blue sky away from sun 9000–12 000 K (110–83 M); legacy CRT 9300 K (107 M).
- · **References**: (1) Wyszecki & Stiles, *Color Science*, 2nd ed., Wiley (1982), §3.10; (2) CIE 15:2018, *Colorimetry, 4th ed.*; (3) Eastman Kodak Pro Photo Tech Library TI-1873, *Conversion Filters for Color Photography*; (4) IEC 61966-2-1:1999 (sRGB); (5) Hasselblad Color-Correction Filter Handbook.
Frequently asked
Why are mireds — an inverse unit — still standard in photography? Wouldn't kelvin be more intuitive?
**The answer is visual linearity plus additivity.** **The problem**: black-body radiation peaks at λ_max ∝ 1/T (Wien's displacement law λ_max·T = b), and the human eye does *not* perceive equal ΔK as equal hue shifts — 2000 K → 3000 K is a dramatic shift (deep red-orange to amber), but 9000 K → 10 000 K is barely visible (both cold blue). **Mireds fix this**: M = 10⁶/T linearises the perception, so equal ΔM corresponds to equal perceived warmth shifts. **In practice**: (a) a photographer sees 3200 K tungsten in the room but the camera is set to 5500 K daylight → needed shift ΔM = 10⁶/5500 − 10⁶/3200 = 182 − 313 = −131 mired → pick a Wratten 80A; (b) the same 80A applied to 2500 K (a warmer lamp) and 5000 K (near daylight) targets gives the same ΔM = −131, but very different ΔK (−1500 K vs −2500 K). **The filter spec is portable in mireds**, not in kelvins.
What are decamireds, and how do they differ from mireds?
**Decamired = Mired ÷ 10** (sometimes written dM or 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹). **Origin**: Hasselblad and some German filter brands (Heliopan, B+W) sell colour-conversion filters in ±2.5, ±5, ±10, ±20 decamired steps. **Examples**: (a) **CTO 1/4** (cinema, 1/4 strength tungsten conversion) ≈ −37.5 mired ≈ −3.75 dM; (b) **full CTB** (full blue) ≈ −137 mired ≈ −13.7 dM. **Why**: scale convenience — two-digit decamireds are easier to remember and add than three-digit mireds. **Today**: Kodak Wratten and Lee Filters still use mireds; decamireds appear mostly in European literature and on legacy filter wheels. The tool shows all three so it lines up with any source.
My smart bulb shows kelvin — when do I actually need mireds?
**For everyday smart-LED use, kelvin alone is enough** — apps like Philips Hue or Yeelight show 2700 K (warm) or 4000 K (neutral) and that's all you need. **You need mireds when**: (1) **photography / cinema lighting** — multiple lamps of different colour temperature need balanced *proportions*, computed in mireds; (2) **buying colour-conversion filters** — Wratten / Lee / Tiffen filters are spec'd in mireds; (3) **display calibration** — D50 print white = 5003 K = 200 M; D65 display white = 6504 K = 154 M; the difference ΔM = 46 drives the chromatic-adaptation matrix in an ICC profile; (4) **CCT meters** — Sekonic and Minolta CL spectrometers expose a mired mode; (5) **mixed-light averaging** — a 50/50 mix of 3200 K tungsten and 5500 K window light averages correctly in *mired space* (M_avg = (M_1 + M_2)/2 ≠ T_avg). Verify: K-space average of 3200 and 5500 = 4350 K; mired-space average = (313 + 182)/2 = 247.5 M → 4040 K. Off by ~300 K — that's the kelvin-arithmetic mistake mireds prevent.
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