Tire Pressure Temperature Adjustment Calculator
Air inside a tire behaves as a closed ideal gas, obeying Gay-Lussac's law: absolute pressure is proportional to absolute (kelvin) temperature. A drop from 20 °C to 0 °C takes a 32-psi tire down to roughly 29.9 psi — enough to trigger TPMS warnings, increase rolling resistance and degrade handling and wet grip if not corrected. This tool accepts psi, kPa or bar and °C or °F. It converts gauge to absolute, applies P ∝ T, then subtracts atmospheric pressure to give the new gauge reading along with the change Δ.
Enter a non-negative gauge pressure and valid temperatures.
New gauge pressure
29.10 psi
Pressure change (Δ)
−2.90 psi
Formula
P_abs = P_gauge + P_atm P_abs_new = P_abs × (T_new / T_old) (T in kelvin) P_gauge_new = P_abs_new − P_atm Sea-level P_atm = 101.325 kPa = 14.6959 psi (ISO 2533)
- · Rule of thumb: roughly ±1 psi per ±10 °F (for a 32-psi car tire near sea level); ±0.07 bar (~1 psi) per ±10 °C. The exact figure scales with absolute pressure, so high-pressure truck tires (80+ psi) shift more, and low-pressure off-road tires (under 25 psi) shift less.
- · A tire gauge always reads gauge pressure — the amount above local atmospheric. The calculation must go through absolute pressure to be correct.
- · Valid only for a sealed tire (no leak). Normal air diffusion through the rubber loses about 1 psi per month and is not a temperature effect.
- · A manufacturer's "cold inflation pressure" means the tire has sat for ≥ 3 hours or been driven less than ~1 mile — precisely to take frictional heating out of the picture.
- · Local atmospheric pressure falls roughly 11.5 % per 1 000 m of altitude, so the gauge reading itself is lower in the mountains. This tool assumes ISO 2533 standard sea-level atmosphere and does not adjust for altitude.
- · References: ISO 2533 standard atmosphere; SAE J1269 load and inflation; Bridgestone / Michelin / Continental owner manuals.
Frequently asked
I aired my tires to 32 psi yesterday; this morning they read 29 psi. Are they leaking?
Almost certainly not a leak — it is normal contraction. If yesterday's 32 psi was set in a 25 °C warm garage (or just after driving) and this morning is 0 °C, Gay-Lussac says: (32 + 14.696) × (273.15 / 298.15) − 14.696 ≈ 28.78 psi — a drop of roughly 3.2 psi, exactly what physics predicts. To rule out a real leak, re-inflate to spec, let the tire sit 24 hours at a steady temperature, and re-check; if it has dropped more than ~1 psi with no temperature change, then suspect a slow leak or valve stem.
The TPMS light came on this morning but went off after a few minutes — is that normal?
Yes — most US-spec TPMS lights trigger when pressure falls more than 25 % below the placard value (e.g. 24 psi when the spec is 32 psi). A cold night drops you into the trigger zone, then a few minutes of driving warms the air back up and the warning self-clears. The light is telling you the cold pressure is now actually too low — top up to spec cold and the warning will not recur.
My garage is 20 °C warmer than outside. Where should I set the pressure?
Manufacturer "cold inflation pressure" refers to the temperature the tire will actually start the drive at. Setting pressure inside a 20 °C garage produces a cold value at that 20 °C; when you drive out into colder air the pressure immediately falls below spec. Best practice is to push the car outside, let it sit ≥ 1 hour at outside temperature, then set pressure. If that is impractical, over-inflate in the warm garage to compensate — for a 32 psi target at 0 °C outside, set it to (32 + 14.696) × 293.15 / 273.15 − 14.696 ≈ 35.1 psi inside a 20 °C garage.
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