Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio Calculator
Enter the share price and earnings per share (EPS) and the tool returns three classic valuation metrics in one shot: (1) the P/E ratio = price ÷ EPS — how many years of current earnings the market is paying for; (2) the earnings yield = EPS ÷ price — the inverse of P/E, directly comparable to government-bond yields; (3) the PEG ratio = P/E ÷ growth % — Peter Lynch's growth-adjusted variant. The result is bucketed against the long-run S&P 500 median (≈ 16) into deep-value, cheap, fair, expensive or very-expensive bands so you can read the number at a glance.
Common scenarios (click to load)
Enter a valid share price (> 0), EPS, and (optionally) an earnings growth rate.
Valuation metrics
P/E ratio
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Earnings yield
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= EPS ÷ price. Compare with the 10-year Treasury yield for a quick risk-premium read.
PEG ratio
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= P/E ÷ growth %. Peter Lynch rule of thumb: PEG ≈ 1 fair, < 1 cheap-for-the-growth, > 2 expensive.
Long-run S&P 500 trailing P/E median ≈ 16 (Shiller, online data, 1880–present); Hong Kong's Hang Seng long-run band is ≈ 10–14. A P/E is a starting point — pair it with fundamentals and cash-flow analysis.
Formula
P/E ratio = price ÷ EPS Earnings yield = EPS ÷ price = 1 / (P/E) PEG ratio = P/E ÷ growth rate (in %)
- · Trailing P/E (TTM) uses the past 12 months of actual earnings; Forward P/E uses analyst estimates. Most reports show both because each has its blind spots.
- · Long-run S&P 500 trailing P/E median ≈ 15–16 (Robert Shiller, online data, 1880–present); Hang Seng long-run band ≈ 10–14; MSCI Emerging Markets ≈ 12–15; Japan Topix ≈ 14–18. Sector variation is larger: banks / utilities 8–12, tech mega-caps 25–35, early-stage SaaS 50+.
- · When EPS ≤ 0 the P/E becomes negative or infinite and is economically uninformative. Bloomberg, Yahoo Finance and most data providers show "n/a" and fall back to P/S, P/B or EV/EBITDA.
- · Earnings yield is the inverse of P/E, so it can be compared directly with the 10-year Treasury yield. The "equity risk premium" = earnings yield − bond yield is the core idea behind the (controversial) Fed Model.
- · PEG was popularised by Peter Lynch ("One Up On Wall Street", 1989): PEG ≈ 1 is fair, < 1 is "growth at a reasonable price", > 2 is expensive. But PEG breaks down for very low-growth or cyclical companies and is highly sensitive to optimistic growth estimates.
- · References: Brealey/Myers/Allen, "Principles of Corporate Finance", 13th ed., §4.4; Damodaran, "Investment Valuation", 3rd ed., Ch. 18; Robert Shiller online data; Peter Lynch, "One Up On Wall Street" (1989).
Frequently asked
Why does the same P/E mean very different things in different sectors?
A P/E of 20 prices in growth, earnings stability, capital structure and the position in the business cycle all at once. A consumer staples firm at P/E 20 with stable earnings, ~5% growth and high ROIC looks fairly priced; a coal miner at P/E 20 at a cyclical peak may have a "normalised" P/E above 30; a cloud SaaS at P/E 20 versus a sector median of 50 looks cheap. Comparing P/Es is only meaningful "apples to apples" — same sector, same period, same earnings definition (TTM vs forward, GAAP vs adjusted).
Was 1989 Japan at P/E 70 more "expensive" than today's Chinese tech at P/E 30?
On P/E alone, 1989 Japan (Topix trailing P/E ~60–70) was much higher than today's typical Chinese tech name. But you need two adjustments: (1) Interest rates — 1989 Japanese 10-year yields were ~6%, so an earnings yield of 1.4% sat well below bonds, a textbook bubble signature. Today's Chinese 10-year is ~2.5% while a 30× P/E gives a 3.3% earnings yield — comfortably above the bond yield. (2) Growth — Japan was decelerating to ~4% real growth in 1989, whereas the better Chinese tech names still pencil in 15–25% growth, giving PEG ≈ 1–2 and a much more defendable picture. "Cheap or expensive" requires P/E, bond yields and growth read together — not the headline P/E in isolation.
Should I use GAAP EPS, adjusted EPS or cash EPS as the denominator?
Compare at least two versions: (1) GAAP EPS — the audited number, including impairments, legal settlements and restructuring charges. Most conservative, but sometimes noisy. (2) Adjusted / Non-GAAP EPS — management strips out "non-recurring" items. Useful, but the inclusion list is management's call and frequently criticised as flattering. (3) Cash EPS — adds back depreciation and amortisation, better reflects the underlying cash machine, especially for capital-heavy sectors (telecom, real estate). Sell-side analysts usually quote a Non-GAAP P/E for peer comparison and keep an eye on the GAAP P/E for risk control. If the two differ by more than ~20%, open the filing and read what is being adjusted out.
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