Future Value of Annuity Calculator
Enter the periodic contribution (monthly or yearly), an expected annual return and the contribution term — the tool instantly returns the future value (FV) of the annuity, how much you have paid in, and the compound interest earned on top. Supports both ordinary annuity (end-of-period contributions) and annuity-due (start-of-period contributions). Handy for projecting retirement accounts (401(k), IRA, MPF, RRSP), systematic investment plans, college funds or any savings programme with a fixed periodic deposit.
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Future value
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Contributions (you paid in)
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Interest / return (compounded)
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Uses the textbook FV-of-annuity formula FV = PMT × ((1 + r)^n − 1) / r, assuming a constant pre-tax rate. Real investments (funds, stocks) fluctuate and the actual outcome will differ — treat the result as a teaching aid or rough planning figure.
Formula
FV = PMT × ((1 + r)^n − 1) / r (ordinary, end-of-period) FV_due = FV × (1 + r) (annuity-due, start-of-period) r = i / k, n = years × k k = 12 (monthly) / 1 (yearly)
- · The per-period rate r is the annual rate i divided evenly across the periods (12 for monthly, 1 for yearly). The formula assumes a flat geometric rate — for equities, use a long-run average such as the S&P 500's ~6.5–7% real return over the last 30 years.
- · Annuity-due (start-of-period) deposits earn one extra period of interest each, so FV_due = FV_ordinary × (1 + r). Over long horizons that adds up to a few percent.
- · When r = 0 (no interest), FV collapses to PMT × n — i.e. just the sum of contributions.
- · Results are pre-tax, pre-fee and ignore inflation. To convert to real purchasing power, discount by an inflation rate (see the Real Interest Rate tool).
- · The URL carries p (payment), r (rate), y (years), f (frequency), t (timing) so you can bookmark or share a specific scenario.
- · Output matches Excel FV(rate, nper, −pmt, 0, type) with type = 0 (ordinary) or type = 1 (annuity-due) — cross-checked.
Frequently asked
How is this different from the Compound Interest Calculator?
They complement each other. The Compound Interest tool answers "if I drop P dollars in today, how much will I have after n years?" using FV = P × (1 + r)^n. This tool answers "if I deposit PMT dollars every period for N periods, how much will I have at the end?" using FV = PMT × ((1+r)^n − 1)/r. Retirement accounts, monthly fund subscriptions and college savings are usually periodic contributions rather than a lump sum, so this calculator is the better fit. If you have both a starting balance and recurring contributions, simply add the two results.
Should the annual rate I enter be nominal or real?
The tool uses a nominal annual rate (before inflation), so the result is the future value in tomorrow's dollars. To convert to real purchasing power, divide by (1 + inflation)^years, or enter a real return rate directly (nominal − inflation). For example, 7% nominal minus 3% inflation ≈ 4% real, so entering 4 gives the FV in today's dollars. The figure is also pre-tax and pre-fee — consider trimming the rate by ~0.5–1.5% to model typical fund management costs.
How much does the timing (ordinary vs annuity-due) actually matter?
The gap is exactly one period of interest: FV_due = FV_ordinary × (1 + r). For monthly contributions at a few percent the gap is tiny (~0.5% over 30 years at 6%), but it adds up at higher rates or longer terms. For example, $1,000/yr for 30 years at 7%: ordinary $94,461 vs due $101,073 — about 7% more. If your retirement or MPF contributions are deducted right after payday at the start of the month, the annuity-due mode is more accurate; end-of-month sweeps match ordinary annuity.
Is the calculation still accurate if returns vary year-to-year rather than being constant?
It's a rough estimate. Real investments (equities, balanced funds) move around each year, and the arithmetic mean overstates the eventual accumulation — always feed the geometric mean (CAGR) instead. For example, returns of +30% / −20% / +10% have an arithmetic mean of +6.67% but a geometric mean of only ≈ +4.81%. Long-horizon projections should use CAGR; modelling sequence-of-returns risk (volatility plus withdrawals) needs a Monte Carlo simulator. This calculator assumes equal per-period growth, so it fits best for stable instruments like bonds, fixed deposits or capital-guaranteed MPF funds.
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