chmod Permission Converter (Octal ↔ rwx)

Percent of, percent change, and percent add/subtract in one.

Enter 2–6 positive integers to get the greatest common divisor (HCF / GCD) and least common multiple (LCM), with the Euclidean step chain shown.

Enter a list of numbers to get the mean, median, mode, range plus standard deviation, variance and total.

Enter the coefficients of ax² + bx + c = 0 to find the real or complex roots, discriminant and vertex.

Estimate a password's bit entropy, brute-force time and strength tier. All computation happens in your browser.

Convert between standard decimal numbers and scientific notation, with significant figures and order of magnitude.

Compute permutations P(n,r), combinations C(n,r) and factorial n! — useful for probability problems, lottery odds and combinatorics homework.

Paste a list of numbers to compute mean, median, sample and population variance and standard deviation — with the working shown.

Solve a triangle from 3 sides, 2 sides + 1 angle, or 2 angles + 1 side — area, perimeter and remaining parts via the law of sines / cosines.

Given any two sides of a right triangle (two legs, or one leg plus the hypotenuse), instantly find the third side, area, perimeter and the two non-right angles.

Enter any one of radius, diameter, circumference or area to get the other three — useful for design, engineering and DIY.

Two-way conversion between Arabic numbers (1–3999) and Roman numerals (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) — handy for typesetting, chapter titles and homework.

Enter two points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) to instantly get the slope, y-intercept, line equation y = mx + b, distance, and midpoint — a classroom staple for algebra and coordinate geometry.

Enter group size n to see the probability that at least two people share a birthday — the classic birthday problem.

Compute logₐ(x) for any base — natural log (ln), common log (log₁₀), binary log (log₂) and a custom base, with the change-of-base steps shown.

Enter a value, the mean and the standard deviation to compute the z-score and the corresponding normal-distribution percentile and probabilities.

Enter the screen resolution and diagonal size to get pixel density (PPI), real width/height, dot pitch and total pixel count.

Enter the number of tickets / selections and see the actual probability of hitting first, second … prizes in a Mark Six (6-of-49) draw.

Convert any decimal (including repeating decimals) to a simplified fraction and a mixed number.

Give a sphere any one of radius, diameter, surface area or volume and instantly get the other three — plus the great-circle circumference and area.

Enter the radius and height of a cylinder to get volume (π r²h), lateral surface, base area and total surface area.

Compute nPr — the number of ordered arrangements of r items chosen from n — alongside n!, r! and the related combination nCr.

Factor any integer from 2 up to 10¹² into primes, see the canonical exponent form, count and list all divisors.

Compute the n-th root of the product of n positive numbers — the right average for growth rates, returns and ratios — alongside the arithmetic mean for comparison.

Enter any integer n from 0 to 1500 to instantly compute F(n) and F(n−1) with BigInt precision, the consecutive-term ratio (converging to the golden ratio φ) and the first 30 terms of the sequence.

Pick the number of dice, sides (d4 / d6 / d8 / d10 / d12 / d20) and a target sum to compute the probability of rolling exactly that total, at least, or at most.

Enter first term a, common difference d and number of terms n to compute the nth term aₙ and the partial sum Sₙ = n/2·(2a + (n − 1)d).

Enter confidence level, margin of error, expected proportion (and optional population size) to compute the survey sample size you need.

Enter the first term a, common ratio r and number of terms n to find the sum of the first n terms of a geometric series — plus the infinite-series sum when |r| < 1.

Enter base radius and height to get the cone volume, slant height, lateral, base and total surface area.

Pick a note (C, C♯, D, …), octave and tuning reference A4 (440 Hz by default) and the tool returns the frequency in Hz, the wavelength in air and the MIDI note number via f = A4 × 2^((n − 69)/12).

Enter two known points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) and a target x to instantly read off y via y = y₁ + (x − x₁)(y₂ − y₁)/(x₂ − x₁) — the tool flags whether your x sits inside the two points (interpolation) or outside (extrapolation).

Enter the two parallel sides and height of a trapezoid to get its area, midsegment length and perimeter when the legs are known.

Enter the number of trials n, the per-trial success probability p and a target number of successes k to get P(X = k), P(X ≤ k), P(X ≥ k) along with the distribution mean and standard deviation.

Paste two parallel data series (X and Y) and get the Pearson correlation coefficient r, r², the best-fit line slope and intercept, and the sample means and standard deviations.

Enter the sample mean, sample standard deviation, sample size and confidence level to compute a confidence interval for the population mean using the t (or z) distribution, with margin of error and standard error.

Enter the means, standard deviations and sample sizes of two groups to compute Cohen's d and Hedges' g effect sizes, classified per Cohen 1988 as trivial / small / medium / large.

Enter dividend a and divisor n to compute the quotient and remainder a mod n. The truncated (C / JavaScript %), floored (Python / mathematical) and Euclidean conventions are shown side by side so the negative-input differences are obvious.

Enter 2D or 3D vector components (x, y, z) to compute the magnitude, unit vector and direction angles.